Research Article
Preparation and Evaluation of Cleansing and Nourishing Shampoo
Subhasri Mohapatra*,
Ayush Kaushik
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
1-8
Received:
11 September 2025
Accepted:
13 October 2025
Published:
26 November 2025
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate and formulate a herbal shampoo formulation. Shapmoo is one of the product used in daily life. Synthetic preservatives and detergents have sometimes being the cause of adverse effects among consumers. A more medical approach in reducing and replacing the synthetic ingredients is by incorporating natural ingredients whose functionality is comparable with their synthetic ingredients. The ingredients used in the herbal shampoo are 4% Reetha powder, 5% Shikakai powder Aloevera, Amla, 10% 4% Rose oil, 20% gelatin 1% Lemon juice. A mixture then prepared by mixing with heating each other and evaluated for its organoleptic and physic-chemical characteristics and performance tests in terms of pH, surface tension, foam stability and viscosity tests. The combination of several such ingredient of herbal origin has made it possible to design a highly effective shampoo formulation at laboratory scale and evaluated for some number of parameters e.g pH, surface tension, foam stability and viscosity to ensure its stable safety and efficacy. The formulated proportions of herbal ingredients of shampoo was clear brown colour with demonstrated good forth stability, detergency, cleansing property. The physico-chemical evaluation of the formulated shampoo showed ideal results. However, it sustained improved quality, product performance, and safety.
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate and formulate a herbal shampoo formulation. Shapmoo is one of the product used in daily life. Synthetic preservatives and detergents have sometimes being the cause of adverse effects among consumers. A more medical approach in reducing and replacing the synthetic ingredients is by incorporating natura...
Show More
Research Article
Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio as a Predictor of Upper or Lower Source of Melena: A Prospective Study
Khalid Gharbi*,
Rachid Akka
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2025
Pages:
9-13
Received:
26 May 2025
Accepted:
15 July 2025
Published:
9 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmst.20250101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: In the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, accurately identifying whether the source is upper or lower GI is critical for timely and appropriate management. However, determining the bleeding origin can be particularly challenging in cases of isolated melena without hematemesis. Non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tools that can aid in early localization are therefore of significant clinical value. Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio as a predictor of the bleeding source—upper vs. lower GI—in patients presenting with isolated melena. Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving patients who presented with melena in the absence of hematemesis. Laboratory values including BUN and creatinine levels were collected, and the BUN/creatinine ratio was calculated. Endoscopic evaluations were subsequently performed to determine the actual source of bleeding. Results: Our findings showed that a BUN/creatinine ratio below 50 was highly predictive of upper GI bleeding. In contrast, patients with lower GI bleeding demonstrated significantly higher BUN/creatinine ratios. The ratio proved to be a reliable, non-invasive biochemical marker that could assist in predicting the bleeding source prior to endoscopy. Conclusion: The BUN/creatinine ratio offers a simple, accessible, and effective means to guide clinical triage in patients with isolated melena. Its use could enhance early decision-making and improve patient outcomes by facilitating prompt diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Abstract: Background: In the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, accurately identifying whether the source is upper or lower GI is critical for timely and appropriate management. However, determining the bleeding origin can be particularly challenging in cases of isolated melena without hematemesis. Non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tools tha...
Show More
